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气象条件对石家庄PM2.5浓度的影响分析

付桂琴1,2,张杏敏1,尤凤春3,田亚芹1,李二杰4   

  1. 1.河北省气象服务中心,河北石家庄050021;2.河北省气象与生态环境实验室,河北石家庄050021;
    3.北京市气象台,北京100089;4.河北省气象环境中心,河北石家庄050021
  • 出版日期:2016-04-30 发布日期:2016-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 尤凤春(1958- ),女,正研级高级工程师,主要从事灾害性天气成因及预报技术研究.E-mail:youfengchun@vip.sina.com
  • 作者简介:作者简介:付桂琴(1968- ),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事环境等应用气象预报服务技术研究.E-mail:fgq84@tom.com, 919942110@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41375134)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金(IUMKY201304PP0104)共同资助

Effect of Meteorological Conditions on PM2.5 Concentration in Shijiazhuang of Hebei

FU Guiqin1,2, ZHANG Xingmin1, YOU Fengchun3, TIAN Yaqin1, LI Erjie4   

  1. 1. Hebei Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
     2. Key Laboratory for Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,
     Shijiazhuang 050021, China; 3. Beijing Meteorological Observatory, Beijing 100089, China;
     4. Hebei Provincial Meteorological Environment Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Online:2016-04-30 Published:2016-04-30

摘要:

利用2013~2014年石家庄逐小时PM2.5监测浓度与地面及探空等气象观测资料,从大气的垂直扩散、水平扩散和地面局地环流等方面,探讨气象条件对PM2.5浓度的定量影响关系。结果表明:(1)石家庄PM2.5浓度具有明显的日、月和季节变化特征,早晨08时前后PM2.5浓度最高,下午16时前后浓度最低;冬季PM2.5浓度最高,夏季最低;(2)2 a共出现485 d逆温,其中10~12月出现频率最多,达82.8%~86.2%,逆温致使低层大气垂直运动受阻,不利于污染物扩散;(3)大气混合层高度与PM2.5浓度呈反相关,PM2.5浓度<75 μg/m3(空气质量优良),对应大气混合层高度平均为1 448 m,而PM2.5浓度≥150 μg/m3(空气重污染)的混合层高度降到878 m;(4)受地形影响,石家庄地面风与边界层附近风对污染物的影响明显不同:925 hPa西南风、地面偏东风不利于污染物扩散;925 hPa西北风、地面偏西风有利于污染物浓度降低。925 hPa风速>4 m/s、地面偏西风风速>2 m/s、地面偏东风风速>3 m/s,有利于污染物扩散;(5)降水对污染物有湿清除作用,清除量不仅与降水量有关,还与前期PM2.5浓度有关,且冬季降雪过程对PM2.5的清除作用是降雨的4倍。

关键词: PM2.5浓度, 风向风速, 降水量, 混合层高度

Abstract:

To improve the environmental forecasting service ability and meet the needs of the public and government, the effects of meteorological condition on PM2.5 concentration were quantitatively analyzed from aspects of atmospheric horizontal and vertical diffusion, local circulation based on the hourly observation data of PM2.5 concentration, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation in Shijiazhuang and atmosphic mixing height of sounding data from Xingdai station during 2013-2014. The results are as follows:(1) The daily variation of PM2.5 concentration was obvious, the daily concentration was highest at 08:00 and lowest at 16:00 in Shijiazhuang. And it had significant seasonal variation with highest concentration in winter and lowest concentration in summer. (2) There were 485 days temperature inversion during 2013-2014 in Shijiazhuang, and the frequency appearring in October to December was the most ranging from 82.8% to 86.2%. The temperature inversion blocked the vertical motion of atmosphere in lower layer, which wasn’t conducive to spread of air pollutants. (3) The correlation of mixing layer height with PM2.5 concentration was negative. When the PM2.5 concentration was less than 75 μg/m3, the average mixing layer height was 1 448 metres, while that was more than or equal to 150 μg/m3, the mean mixing layer height declined to 878 metres. (4) The influences of wind direction and wind speed on pollutants over the surface and boundary layer were obviously different in Shijiazhuang owing to the different terrain. The southwest wind on 925 hPa and easterly winds on ground weren’t helpful to diffusion of pollutants. However the northwest wind on 925 hPa and westerly wind on ground were beneficial to diffusion of pollutants. When wind speed on 925 hPa was greater than 4 m/s and the westerly wind speed was greater than 2 m/s or the easterly wind speed was greater than 3 m/s on surface, it was conducive to pollution diffusion. (5) Precipitation had wet removing effect on pollutants, the cleaning quantity was not only related to the precipitation, but also to the PM2.5 concentration before the rainfall. The removing effect of snowfall in winter on the quantity of PM2.5 concentration was 4 times more than the rainfall.

Key words: PM2.5 concentration, wind direction and wind speed, precipitation, mixing layer height

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