河西走廊东部一次罕见的春季暴雨成因分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2015)-04-0651

干旱气象

河西走廊东部一次罕见的春季暴雨成因分析

1.甘肃省武威市气象局，甘肃武威 733000；
2.兰州中心气象台，甘肃兰州 730020；
3.兰州大学大气科学学院，甘肃兰州 730107

出版日期:2015-08-31 发布日期:2015-08-31
作者简介:刘菊菊（1991-），女，陕西榆林人，助工，主要从事短期天气预报及其研究工作.
基金资助:
2014年中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用面上项目“甘肃斜压锋生类强降水预报技术及应用（CMAGJ2014M54）”资助

Analysis on the Cause of a Rare Rainstorm in Spring in Eastern Hexi Corridor

1. Wuwei Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China;
2. Lanzhou Center Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730107, China

Online:2015-08-31 Published:2015-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用常规观测、红外云图、T639资料和区域自动站资料，对2014年 4月15～16日发生在河西走廊东部罕见春季暴雨的成因进行分析。结果表明，500 hPa天气系统为此次暴雨的主要影响系统。500 hPa东移短波槽是这次暴雨天气的触发系统，700 hPa偏南暖湿气流在低涡作用下不断向北输送水汽，为降水的维持提供了源源不断的水汽条件，下游高压脊的阻挡作用使降水持续时间较长；强水汽辐合、强上升运动出现时间比降水集中时间滞后3～4 h；K指数大值区、θse高能舌区与暴雨落区相符合；强冷空气的入侵，是降水量级增大的直接原因；变温对春季强降水的反应比变压更敏感；过程前期的高温高湿对降水的预报有一定的指示意义；锋前中尺度对流云团和锋面云带的合并是造成此次暴雨的直接原因。

关键词: 强降水, 古浪, 冷锋, 上升运动

Abstract:

Based on the hourly precipitation from weather stations, NCEP FNL reanalysis data with 0.1°×0.1° resolution, products of FY-2E satellite and output results from Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), the heavy rainfall from 7 to 9 July 2013 in east of northwest China was diagnosed. The results showed that the rainstorm was a typical southwesterly airflow rainfall process which located in northwest of subtropical high system. The development and movement of the westerly trough and plateau trough, cooperating with the southwesterly airflow and the vortex shear line in low level, were main influence systems of heavy rainfall. The coupling of upper and lower jets, the abundant water vapor together, the stronger dynamic effect and the instable atmospheric stratification facilitated the development of the heavy rainfall. The hourly evolution of TBB from FY-2E was consistent with that of rainfall intensity, when the rainfall increased dramatically at 14:00 BST on 8 July 2013, the TBB reduced to below -45 ℃ in east of northwest China. The model of WRF had a better capacity to simulate the weather process of rainstorm under complicated terrain. The evolution and magnitude of rainfall simulated by WRF from 08:00 BST 8 to 08:00 BST 9 July 2013 was similar to the observation, and the centre rainfall located in Qingyang of Gansu Province. The simulated physical quantities of wind field, specific humidity, vorticity, CAPE and vertical velocity could well reflect the process of the heavy rainfall event. The low-level airflows were lifted and converged via the trumpet-shaped topography, which caused the increasing of cyclone and enhancing of vertical motion, cooperated with abundant water vapor, eventually caused the enhancement of heavy rainfall. Therefore, the simulated results by WRF model could be used to analyze the structure of β-scale rainfall system under rough topography, which could fill the lack of observation data.

Key words: heavy rainfall in east of northwest China, shear line, diagnostic analysis, numerical simulation, topographic effect

中图分类号:

P458.1+21.1

刘菊菊1，滕杰1，许东蓓2，乔丫芸3. 河西走廊东部一次罕见的春季暴雨成因分析[J]. 干旱气象, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2015)-04-0651.

LIU Juju1, TENG Jie1, XU Dongbei2, QIAO Yayun3. Analysis on the Cause of a Rare Rainstorm in Spring in Eastern Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2015)-04-0651.

[1]	杨振鑫, 祁萍, 孙磊, 崔小平, 赵月兰. 青藏高原东北侧短时强降水阈值确定及特征分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(4): 563-568.
[2]	杨涛, 杨莲梅, 张云惠, 庄晓翠, 黄艳. 新疆短时强降水天气系统环流配置及雷达回波特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(4): 631-640.
[3]	肖玮, 傅朝, 徐丽丽, 刘维成, 狄潇泓, 郑新, 杨秀梅. 陇东南汛前期2次斜压锋生类短时强降水过程动力特征对比[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(4): 641-651.
[4]	张武龙, 康岚, 周威, 银航, . 基于GRAPES-MESO模式的极端短时强降水预报[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(3): 507-513.
[5]	郑铮, 潘灵杰, 钱燕珍, 赵昶昱, 黄旋旋, 肖王星. 台风“利奇马”造成浙江沿海极端强降水的演变特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(2): 269-278.
[6]	王孝慈, 李双君, 孟英杰. 2019年6—7月两湖流域雨情异常成因分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(6): 937-946.
[7]	张宁, 刘科男, 王遂缠, 王骥, 陈自艳. 兰州市短时强降水的时空分布特征及地形因素[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(2): 242-248.
[8]	曾勇, 杨莲梅, 张迎新. 伊犁地区一次罕见特大暴雨中尺度系统的数值模拟[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(2): 290-300.
[9]	程鹏, 罗汉, 陈佩璇, 曹彦超, 李宝梓, 陈祺. 庆阳黄土高原短时强降水统计特征及预警指标[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(2): 319-328.
[10]	井宇, 陈闯, 王建鹏, 胡启元. 一次大暴雨过程中两个强降水时段差异对比[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(1): 126-136.
[11]	董旭光, 邱粲, 刘焕彬, 陈艳春, 叶殿秀, 李胜利. 济南地区小时强降水变化特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(6): 892-898.
[12]	李典南, 许东蓓, 苟尚, 苟玉清, 潘赫拉. 甘肃中部一次冷锋后高架雷暴天气过程综合诊断[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(5): 809-816.
[13]	高松, 陈贵川, 吴钲, 杜钦, 赵磊, 呼延李豆. 一次西南低涡影响下的川渝地区暴雨个例分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(4): 597-612.
[14]	郭洁, 宋雯雯, 郑昊, 刘新超, . 渡河流域面雨量时空分布特征及雨季转换指标[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(3): 370-.
[15]	周晋红, 赵彩萍, 董春卿. 太原汛期短时强降水环流分型及环境参量分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(3): 392-.

河西走廊东部一次罕见的春季暴雨成因分析

Analysis on the Cause of a Rare Rainstorm in Spring in Eastern Hexi Corridor

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics