J4 ›› 2012, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 604-608.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆阿勒泰地区大到暴雪天气气候特征

郭城1 ,李博渊2 ,杨森1 庄晓翠1 王海岩2   

  1. 1. 新疆阿勒泰地区气象局,新疆阿勒泰836500; 2. 新疆青河县气象局,新疆青河836200
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-30 修回日期:2012-09-12 出版日期:2012-12-01 发布日期:2012-12-30
  • 作者简介:郭城( 1961 - ) ,男,陕西人,高级工程师,从事管理和天气预报及其相关的研究工作. E - mail: zxcxjalt@163. com
  • 基金资助:

     公益性行业( 气象) 科研专项GYHY201106007 资助

Analysis of Climate Characteristic of Heavy Snowstorm in Altay Region of Xinjiang

GUO Cheng1,LI Boyuan2,YANG Sen1,ZHUANG Xiaocui1,WANG Haiyan2   

  1. 1. Altay Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Altay 836500,China;
    2. Qinghe Meteorological Station of Xinjiang ,Qinghe 836200,China
  • Received:2012-05-30 Revised:2012-09-12 Online:2012-12-01 Published:2012-12-30

摘要:

采用1961 ~ 2010 年( 9 月至次年5 月) 新疆阿勒泰地区发生的70 场大到暴雪天气过程对应
的高空、地面资料,应用统计法、天气学方法分析,分析了阿勒泰地区大到暴雪天气气候特征。结果表
明, 1990 年代之前冷冬气候背景下,大到暴雪天气发生频次相对较少,之后的暖冬气候背景下发生频
次较多。春秋季和2 月发生次数较少, 10 月在1990 年代发生频次突增; 冬季其它各月均在1970 年代
最少, 12 月1990 年代最多,其它月2000 年代最多。大到暴雪主要发生在该地区的北部、东部,集中出
现在11 ~ 12 月。500 hPa 图上,大到暴雪主要发生在2 脊1 槽的大尺度环流形势下; 低涡是形成大到
暴雪天气的天气尺度影响系统; 阿勒泰地区处于其底部强锋区控制中; 中低纬度里、黒海地区为低槽
区,并不断分裂短波东移北上,与低涡底部强锋区在该地区上空汇合,为大降雪的发生提供有利的环
流背景。700 hPa 图上,在塔城、克拉玛依到阿勒泰站为较强的偏西( 或西南) 风的风速辐合; 850 hPa
图上,在塔城、克拉玛依站与阿勒泰之间形成偏南( 西) 风与偏东风的切变线是大到暴雪天气的触发
条件。地面图上,大到暴雪天气发生在蒙古高压后部、鞍型场、中亚低压、倒槽或气旋前部的减压、升
温区域内。

关键词: 新疆阿勒泰, 大到暴雪, 天气气候特征

Abstract:

Based on high latitude and ground observations of 70 heavy snowstorm weather processes from September to May during 1961
- 2010 in Altay region,the climatical characteristics of snowstorm weather occurring in Altay were analyzed by using statistical and climatology
methods. Results show that before the 1990s,the heavy snowstorm weather occurred less under the background of cold winter
climate,but after the 1990s,when it became warmer in winter,snowstorm weather occurred more. It occurred less frequently in spring
and autumn,and appeared mostly in November and December mainly in northern and eastern part of Altay. On 500 hPa geopotential
height field,heavy snowstorm appeared mainly under the macro - scale circulation situation with two ridges and a trough,and vortex
was the synoptic scale impacting system of snowstorm. Altay was in the bottom of the strong frontal zone. There was low trough over
middle and low latitudes of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea region and constantly split shortwaves moving to northeast and converged
with the strong frontal zone at the bottom of vortex,which provided favorable atmospheric circulation background for heavy snowfall. On
the level of 700 hPa,there was stronger west ( or southwest) wind convergence over Tacheng,Kelamayi and Aletai region. On the level
of 850 hPa,the shear line formed between Tacheng,Kelamayi and Aletai region was the trigger condition of the heavy snowstorm. On
ground,heavy snowstorm occurred in the back of Mongolia high pressure.

Key words: Aletai, heavy snowstorm, climate characteristic

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