干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 189-199.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-02-0189

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏次季节旱涝急转事件识别及演变特征

高娜1,2(), 王素艳1,2(), 李欣1,2, 高睿娜1,2, 王岱1,2   

  1. 1 中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室宁夏 银川 750002
    2 宁夏回族自治区气候中心宁夏 银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-22 修回日期:2026-02-01 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 王素艳(1974—),女,汉族,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事气候、气候资源及气候灾害评估方面的工作。E-mail: nxwsy_cn@sina.com
  • 作者简介:高娜(1987—),女,汉族,硕士,工程师,主要从事气候变化研究。E-mail: gn198779@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2025AAC030318);国家自然科学基金项目(42265006);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025J018);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2026J048);中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-147);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2026AAC030559)

Identification and evolution characteristics of sub-seasonal drought-flood abrupt alternation events in Ningxia

GAO Na1,2(), WANG Suyan1,2(), LI Xin1,2, GAO Ruina1,2, WANG Dai1,2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid RegionsCMAYinchuan 750002, China
    2 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Climate CenterYinchuan 750002, China
  • Received:2025-11-22 Revised:2026-02-01 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-18

摘要:

在全球变暖和人类活动加剧背景下,极端旱涝事件呈增多增强趋势,但针对次季节旱涝急转事件的研究仍较为缺乏。鉴于此,利用宁夏20个国家气象观测站1961—2023年逐日降水资料,采用多门槛游程理论,提出了一种识别次季节旱涝急转事件的方法,并对其进行检验。基于该方法,统计宁夏1961—2023年4—10月旱涝急转事件,分析事件发生频次、急转点出现时间、强度等时空演变特征。结果表明:该方法能有效识别干旱与洪涝事件,并能较好地捕捉旱转涝的过程特征;宁夏旱涝急转事件发生频次自1990年代之后显著增多,并在2010年代达到峰值;急转点出现时间主要集中在7月第六候、7月第三候、10月第四候、7月第一候和9月第五候;旱涝急转事件空间分布不均,呈现南少北多的格局;重度旱涝急转事件多发生于1970年代和2000年代,且主要集中在北部引黄灌区,该区域虽年降水量最少,但轻度和中度的旱涝急转事件均呈增多趋势。

关键词: 宁夏, 次季节, 干旱事件, 洪涝事件, 旱涝急转识别

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of global warming and intensifying human activities, extreme drought and flood events have shown a trend of increasing frequency and intensity. However, research on sub-seasonal drought-flood abrupt alternation events remains relatively limited. In light of this, this study utilizes daily precipitation data from 20 national meteorological observation stations in Ningxia from 1961 to 2023 and employs the multi-threshold run theory to propose a method for sub-seasonal drought-flood abrupt alternation events, which is subsequently validated. Based on this method, drought-flood abrupt alternation events in Ningxia from April to October during 1961-2023 are statistically analyzed, with a focus on examining the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics in terms of event frequency, transition timing, and intensity. The results indicate that the proposed identification method performs well in detecting both drought and flood events and effectively captures the transition process from drought to flood. Since the 1990s, the frequency of drought-flood abrupt alternation events in Ningxia has increased significantly, reaching its peak in the 2010s. The occurrence time of turning points, ranked from most to least frequent, are the sixth pentad of July, the third pentad of July, the fourth pentad of October, the first pentad of July, and the fifth pentad of September. The spatial distribution of event frequency is uneven, showing a clear regional pattern of increase from south to north. Severe drought-flood abrupt alternation events mainly occurred in the 1970s and the 2000s and were largely concentrated in the northern Yellow River irrigation area. Although this region has the lowest annual precipitation, both light and moderate drought-flood abrupt alternation events show an increasing trend.

Key words: Ningxia, sub-seasonal, drought events, flood events, identification of drought-flood abrupt alternation

中图分类号: