干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 613-623.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-04-0613

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ISCCP和CMORPH-AWS资料的中国南方地区云与降水关系分析

范思睿1,2,3(), 王维佳1,2(), 陈勇航4   

  1. 1. 四川省人工影响天气办公室,四川 成都 610072
    2. 中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室,北京 100081
    3. 中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室,四川 成都 610103
    4. 东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2022-08-31 发布日期:2022-09-21
  • 通讯作者: 王维佳
  • 作者简介:范思睿(1986—),女,四川内江人,高级工程师,主要从事大气物理研究. E-mail:fansr110@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0545);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点实验室开放课题(2019Z01602);中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室开放课题(2021KLAS04M);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(SCQXKJQN2019025)

Relationship between the clouds and precipitation over southern China based on ISCCP and CMORPH-AWS data

FAN Sirui1,2,3(), WANG Weijia1,2(), CHEN Yonghang4   

  1. 1. Weather Modification Office of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
    2. CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Sounding of China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610103, China
    4. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2021-09-01 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2022-08-31 Published:2022-09-21
  • Contact: WANG Weijia

摘要:

探究中国南方地区不同高度云量的时空变化及其与降水的关系,可了解云在降水中的作用和反馈机制并为空中云水资源开发提供基础和依据。利用国际卫星云气候计划(International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, ISCCP)中D系列卫星观测云数据集12 a(1998—2009年)资料,详细分析了中国南方地区总云量、低云量、中云量、高云量的时空分布特征,并结合中国自动站(automatic weather station, AWS)降水数据与美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)气候预测中心(Climate Prediction Center, CPC) MORPHing technique(CMORPH)卫星反演降水产品融合的格点降水产品(CMORPH-AWS)分析了云量与降水强度、降水次数的关系。结果表明:(1)在空间分布上,中国南方地区总云量和中云量空间分布类似,高值中心位于四川盆地、贵州、重庆交接处,低值中心位于云南地区;高云主要分布在南方地区的西部,表现为由西向东逐渐减少的分布特征;低云主要分布在南方地区的东南部,表现为沿海地区向内陆地区逐渐减少的空间分布特征。(2)在季节变化上,总云量和高云量为夏季多、冬季少,总云量高值中心随季节位移,高云量随季节变化,中云量和低云量为冬季多夏季少,季节性变化小。(3)随着总云量和高云量的增多,降水强度增大、月降水次数减小;随着中云量增多,月降水次数增加、降水强度无明显变化。(4)随着层积云、层云云量的增加,降水强度和月降水次数减小;随着高积云、高层云、深对流云云量的增加,降水强度增加但月降水次数减小。总体而言,中国南方地区云量和降水关系密切,特别是总云量和高云量对降水强度和降水次数影响较大,中云量仅对降水次数影响较大,层积云、层云、高积云、高层云、深对流云云量对降水强度和降水次数影响较大,卷云、卷层云云量仅对降水强度影响较大。

关键词: 云和降水, ISCCP云资料, CMORPH-AWS融合降水产品, 时空分布特征

Abstract:

This paper addresses the spatial and temporal variation of cloud cover at different heights over southern China and its relationship with precipitation, which is useful for understanding the role of clouds in precipitation and feedback mechanisms as well as provides a basis and foundation for the development of cloud water resources. Based on 12 years (1998-2009) data from the D dataset of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total cloud cover, low cloud cover, medium cloud cover and high cloud cover were analyzed over Southern China. And based on the CMORPH-AWS merged gridded precipitation product which combined National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) with precipitation observations from automatic weather stations, the relationships between the cloud cover and precipitation intensity, precipitation frequency were analyzed over southern China. The results are as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of total cloud cover and medium cloud cover over southern China was similar. The high-value center was located over the junction of Sichuan Basin, Guizhou and Chongqing, while the low-value center was located in Yunnan. High clouds were distributed in the western part of southern China, and decreased from west to east. Low clouds were mainly distributed over the southeastern part of southern China. Overall, low cloud cover decreased from coastal area to inland area. (2) The seasonal variation of total cloud cover and high cloud cover was similar, with cloud cover more in summer and less in winter. Moreover, the high value center of total cloud cover shifted with the seasons. The high cloud cover changed seasonally. The moderate cloud cover and low cloud cover were more in winter and less in summer, with small seasonal changes. (3) With the increase of total cloud cover and high cloud cover, the precipitation intensity increased but the monthly precipitation frequency decreased. With the increase of medium cloud cover, the frequency of monthly precipitation increased, while effect on precipitation intensity varied little. (4) With the increase of cloud cover of stratocumulus and stratus clouds, precipitation intensity and monthly precipitation frequency decreased. With the increase of cloud cover of altocumulus, altostratus and deep convection clouds, precipitation intensity increased while monthly precipitation frequency decreased. In general, cloud cover and precipitation were closely related over southern China, especially total cloud cover and high cloud cover had a greater influence on precipitation intensity and precipitation frequency, while medium cloud cover only had a greater impact on precipitation frequency. The cloud cover of stratocumulus, stratus, altocumulus, altostratus, deep convection clouds had a greater influence on precipitation intensity and precipitation frequency, while cloud cover of cirrus and cirrostratus only had a greater impact on precipitation intensity.

Key words: cloud and precipitation, ISCCP cloud data, CMORPH-AWS merged precipitation product, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics

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