青海省东部地区云特征参量与降水相关性分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-06-0948

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用青海省东部地区2018年7—9月、2019年4—9月、2020年4—7月FY-2G卫星反演的云特征参量及地面小时降水数据,分析了云顶高度、云顶温度、云光学厚度和云粒子有效半径4种云特征参量对降水频率及降水强度的指示性。结果表明:(1)单云特征参量中,云光学厚度对降水频率指示性最强。中雨、大雨频率分别随云顶温度下降、云顶高度及云光学厚度增加呈明显增加趋势,而小雨频率随之呈减小趋势。(2)双云特征参量(云光学厚度和云顶温度)对降水频率指示性优于单云特征参量,降水频率随云光学厚度增加及云顶温度下降而增大。当云光学厚度为21~30且云顶温度大于0 ℃时,小雨频率最大。云光学厚度大于40且云顶温度为-45~-31 ℃时,中雨频率最大。云光学厚度大于40且云顶温度小于-45 ℃时,大雨频率最大。(3)三云特征参量(云顶温度、云光学厚度和云粒子有效半径)对降水频率指示性优于单云特征参量,但比双云特征参量降水频率指示性弱。

关键词: 青海东部地区, 云特征参数, 降水, 相关性

Abstract:

Based on the cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-2G satellite and hourly precipitation from July to September 2018, April to September 2019, and April to July 2020 in the eastern region of Qinghai Province, the indications of cloud top height, cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius to precipitation frequency and precipitation intensity were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The cloud optical thickness was the strongest indicator of precipitation frequency for single cloud characteristic parameter. The frequency of moderate rain and heavy rain showed an obvious increasing trend with the decrease of cloud top temperature, increase of cloud top height and cloud optical thickness, while the frequency of light rain showed a decreasing trend. (2) The double cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness and cloud top temperature) were better indicators for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter, the precipitation frequency increased with increase of cloud optical thickness and decrease of cloud top temperature. When cloud optical thickness was between 21 and 30 and cloud top temperature was greater than 0 ℃, the frequency of light rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was between -45 and -31 ℃, the frequency of moderate rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was less than -45 ℃, the frequency of heavy rain was largest. (3) The triple cloud characteristic parameters (cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius) were more indicative for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter and less indicative than double cloud characteristic parameters.

Key words: the eastern area of Qinghai, cloud characteristic parameters, precipitation, correlation

中图分类号:

P426

龚静, 朱世珍, 张鹏亮, 王启花, 王丽霞, 郭三刚, 张博越. 青海省东部地区云特征参量与降水相关性分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(06): 948-956.

GONG Jing, ZHU Shizhen, ZHANG Pengliang, WANG Qihua, WANG Lixia, GUO Sangang, ZHANG Boyue. Correlation between cloud characteristic parameters and precipitation in the eastern region of Qinghai[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2021, 39(06): 948-956.

图/表 8

图1 青海省东部人工增雨保障区划分

Fig.1 The division map of the artificial precipitation enhancement guarantee area in the eastern region of Qinghai Province

表1 FY-2G卫星反演的云特征参量分档表

Tab.1 Classification of cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-2G satellite

分档	云顶高度/km	云顶温度/℃	云光学厚度	云粒子有效半径/μm
1	0.0~2.5	>0	0~10	0~10
2	2.6~5.0	-15~0	11~20	11~20
3	5.1~7.5	-30~-16	21~30	21~30
4	7.6~10.0	-45~-31	31~40	31~40
5	>10.0	<-45	>40	>40

图2 青海省东部地区FY-2G卫星反演的单云特征参量不同分档对应的降水和无降水总样本数及降水频率分布 (a)云顶高度,(b)云顶温度,(c)云光学厚度,(d)云粒子有效半径

Fig.2 The distribution of total samples with and without precipitation and precipitation frequency corresponding to different classification of cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-2G satellite in the eastern region of Qinghai Province (a) cloud top height, (b) cloud top temperature, (c) cloud optical thickness, (d) particle effective radius

表2 青海省东部地区及两个人工增雨保障区不同雨强样本数及其频率

Tab.2 The samples and frequency of rainfall with different intensity in the eastern region of Qinghai Province and the two guarantee areas for artificial precipitation enhancement

雨强r/ (mm·h^-1)	青海省东部地区		湟水谷地		黄河谷地
雨强r/ (mm·h^-1)	降水样本数/个	降水频率/%	降水样本数/个	降水频率/%	降水样本数/个	降水频率/%
r<0.5	2018	50.7	1310	51.5	708	49.2
0.5≤r<2.0	1483	37.2	940	36.9	543	37.7
2.0≤r<5.0	387	9.7	241	9.5	146	10.2
r≥5.0	96	2.4	54	2.1	42	2.9
合计	3984	100.0	2545	100.0	1439	100.0

图3 青海省东部地区不同分档云特征参量对应的降水总样本数及不同雨强频率分布 (a)云顶高度,(b)云顶温度,(c)云光学厚度,(d)云粒子有效半径

Fig.3 The distribution of total precipitation samples and precipitation frequency with different rain intensity corresponding to different classification of cloud characteristic parameters in the eastern region of Qinghai Province==313(a) cloud top height, (b) cloud top temperature, (c) cloud optical thickness, (d) particle effective radius

图4 青海省东部地区湟水谷地(a)及黄河谷地(b)不同分档的双云特征参量(云光学厚度、云顶温度)组合对应的降水频率分布

Fig.4 The distribution of precipitation frequency corresponding to double cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness, cloud top temperature) with different classification in the Huangshui valley (a) and the Yellow River valley (b) in the eastern region of Qinghai Province

图5 青海省东部地区不同分档的双云特征参量(云光学厚度、云顶温度)组合对应的不同雨强降水频率分布 (a)Tc>0 ℃,(b)-15≤Tc≤0 ℃,(c)-30≤Tc≤-16 ℃,(d)-45≤Tc≤-31 ℃,(e)Tc<-45 ℃

Fig.5 The distribution of precipitation frequency with different intensity corresponding to double cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness, cloud top temperature) with different classification in the eastern region of Qinghai Province (a) Tc>0 ℃, (b)-15≤Tc≤0 ℃, (c)-30≤Tc≤-16 ℃, (d)-45≤Tc≤-31 ℃, (e) Tc<-45 ℃

表3 青海省东部地区不同分档的三云特征参量(云光学厚度、云粒子有效半径、云顶温度)组合对应的降水频率

Tab.3 The precipitation frequency corresponding to triple cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness, cloud particle effective radius, cloud top temperature) with different classification in the eastern region of Qinghai Province

H_c	R_c/μm	降水频率/%
H_c	R_c/μm	T_c>0 ℃	-15≤T_c≤0 ℃	-30≤T_c≤-16 ℃	-45≤T_c≤-31 ℃	<-45 ℃
0~10	0~10	0.8	3.6	4.0	3.2	―
	11~20	0	8.5	6.3	2.0	0
	21~30	―	7.7	4.7	4.4	0
	31~40	―	―	16.7	―	―
	>40	―	―	―	―	―
11~20	0~10	2.7	13.1	24.6	14.8	6.5
	11~20	0	17.9	23.5	11.7	6.5
	21~30	―	18.9	26.1	16.5	0
	31~40	―	―	50.0	20.6	―
	>40	―	―	―	―	―
21~30	0~10	4.0	20.3	39.5	29.7	21.1
	11~20	0	39.5	37.7	39.8	2.3
	21~30	―	19.4	41.0	35.0	―
	31~40	―	―	46.5	25.0	―
	>40	―	―	―	―	―
31~40	0~10	0	30.0	54.8	60.6	40.0
	11~20	―	27.7	60.4	62.2	42.1
	21~30	―	60.9	57.0	65.9	50.0
	31~40	―	―	45.0	66.7	―
	>40	―	―	―	―	―
>40	0~10	8.3	38.6	61.9	69.1	72.2
	11~20	―	53.9	70.7	76.8	76.0
	21~30	―	―	71.4	82.1	―
	31~40	―	―	―	74.1	―
	>40	―	―	―	―	―

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