Characteristics and influence factors of low visibility along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-01-0082

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve the forecast and early warning ability for the low visibility along the expressway, the hourly observation data of 10 traffic meteorological stations along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway and the hourly reanalysis data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts are employed to analyze the distribution characteristics of low visibility and to explore the relationship of low visibility with other meteorological factors. The results show that along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway, January has the most low visibility, while February has the least. During a day, the low visibility mostly happens from 00:00 to 10:00, and the low visibility of 0-50 m mainly occurs from 05:00 to 06:00. The low visibility duration is short with the majority of within 2 hours and the longest of 17 hours. The low visibility weathers occur frequently from Xingping to Changxing and Chencang section, where attention should be paid in daily traffic meteorological service. Accordingly to the analysis of the relationship between low visibility and other meteorological factors, the low visibility generally occurs under the conditions of air temperature from 0 to 5 ℃, relative humidity above 90%, wind speed less than 1.0 m·s^-1 and northeast to east winds. The low visibility weather in summer and winter is mostly associated with precipitation, which usually occurs during or after the precipitation and is accompanied by weather systems always. Compared with the low visibility caused by radiation cooling, the low visibility associated with precipitation exhibits longer duration and the wider range. The low visibility weathers occur at different relative humilities in different seasons, which in winter, summer and autumn are high, while in spring are relatively low.

Key words: Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway, low visibility, distribution characteristics, influence factors

摘要：

为了提升高速公路沿线低能见度预报预警能力，本文利用连霍高速公路陕西段沿线10个交通气象观测站逐时观测资料和欧洲中期数值预报中心ERA5逐小时再分析数据，分析公路沿线低能见度分布特征，探究低能见度与其他气象要素的关系。结果表明：1月是连霍高速公路陕西段沿线低能见度天气高发月份，而2月低能见度天气最少；一日中00：00—10：00（北京时，下同）低能见度出现次数最多，其中0~50 m的低能见度主要出现在05：00—06：00；低能见度持续时间较短，多在2 h以内，最长持续17 h。兴平到常兴段、陈仓段低能见度天气较多，是日常交通气象服务需要重点关注的路段。低能见度与各气象要素的关系分析发现，0~5 ℃的气温、90%以上的相对湿度、1.0 m·s^-1以下的风速且处于东北风至东风条件下低能见度出现次数最多。夏季和冬季低能见度多与降水天气有关，低能见度通常出现在降水过程中或过程后，这种低能见度天气均在天气系统影响时出现，较辐射降温引起的低能见度持续时间更长、范围更广。各季节低能见度形成时的相对湿度不尽相同，冬、夏、秋季低能见度天气的相对湿度较高，而春季低能见度天气的相对湿度较低。

关键词: 连霍高速公路陕西段, 低能见度, 分布特征, 影响因素

CLC Number:

P49
U491.4

ZHANG Hongfang, ZHANG Xi, LIANG Jia, GUO Qi, WANG Jingzhong. Characteristics and influence factors of low visibility along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2023, 41(1): 82-90.

张宏芳, 张曦, 梁佳, 郭琦, 王靖中. 连霍高速公路陕西段低能见度特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱气象, 2023, 41(1): 82-90.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 The distribution of traffic meteorological monitoring stations （blue five-pointed stars） and altitude （color filled areas，Unit： m） along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway （black thick solid line）

Fig.2 The diurnal variations of occurring times and proportion of low visibility with different levels （a） and minimum visibility （b） and the proportion of occurring times of low visibility with different durations （c） along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

Fig.3 The diurnal variations of occurring times of low visibility with different levels of 0-100 m （a）， >100-200 m （b） and >200-500 m （c） at traffic meteorological stations of Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway （Unit： times）

Fig.4 The average and minimum visibility under different ranges of hourly precipitation along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

Fig.5 The proportion of occurring times of low visibility under different intervals of air temperature and road temperature along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

Fig.6 The proportion of occurring times of low visibility under different wind speed intervals （a） and wind direction （b） along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

Fig.7 The scatter plot between low visibility and relative humidity （a） and the proportion of occurring times of low visibility under different relative humidity intervals （b）along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

Fig.8 The surface wind field （vectors， Unit： m·s-1）， relative humidity （color filled areas， Unit： %）， convergence field （blue lines， Unit： 10-5 s-1）（a） and 850 hPa geopotential height field （blue lines， Unit： dagpm）， wind field （vectors，Unit： m·s-1）， specific humidity （color filled areas， Unit： g·kg-1）（b） at 20：00 24 January 2020， and the hourly evolution of visibility，air temperature， maximum wind speed and relative humidity at Wugong station from 18：00 24 to 17：00 25 January 2020 （the area enclosed by red line for the Shaanxi Province）

Tab.1 Characteristics of low visibility cases along Shaanxi section of the Lian-Huo expressway

日期	影响系统	主导风向	出现时间	持续时间 /h	气温/℃		风速/（m·s^-1）		过程降水量 /mm
日期	影响系统	主导风向	出现时间	持续时间 /h	逐时	平均	平均	最大	过程降水量 /mm
2019年12月22—23日	西风槽	NE	22日19：00—20：00	14	-3.4~2.2	-0.8	0.7	1.5	—
2020年1月10日	南支槽	静风	10日00：00—01：00	12	0.2~1.9	1.1	0.7	1.8	0.1
2020年1月24—25日	高原槽	SE	24日19：00—20：00	17	1.9~4.0	2.4	0.5	1.6	0.1
2020年6月28—29日	均压场	SE	28日22：00—23：00	9	20.5~21.7	21.0	0.5	1.9	—

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