亚洲东部和南部土壤干湿状态对陆气耦合的影响分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0345

干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 345-353.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0345

亚洲东部和南部土壤干湿状态对陆气耦合的影响分析

邸燕君¹(), 曾鼎文²(), 张文波¹, 闫晓敏¹, 安晓东³, 陈诚¹, 韩雯婷⁴, 柳媛普²

1.甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州 730020
2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730020
3.甘肃麦克气象信息技术有限公司,甘肃兰州 730020
4.重庆市气象局,重庆 401147

收稿日期:2021-08-21 修回日期:2021-11-12 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-06-28
通讯作者: 曾鼎文
作者简介:邸燕君（1988―）女,甘肃榆中人,硕士,工程师,主要从事陆气相互作用及新能源研究. E-mail: 1113187645@qq.com。
基金资助:
气候过渡带辐射蒸散比的剧变特征及其与土壤湿度关系的研究(41875020);气候变化背景下局地和非局地陆气耦合对我国东北季节干旱的影响机制(42105035);陆气耦合对我国西北地区东部季节干旱的影响机理(21JR7RA699);甘肃省气象局“西北区域数值预报创新团队”(GSQXCXTD-2020-02);“新能源气象服务创新团队”(GSQXCXTD-2020-03)

Influence of dry/wet soil state on land-atmosphere coupling over eastern and southern Asia

DI Yanjun¹(), ZENG Dingwen²(), ZHANG Wenbo¹, YAN Xiaomin¹, AN Xiaodong³, CHEN Cheng¹, HAN Wenting⁴, LIU Yuanpu²

1. Gansu Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Lanzhou 730020, China
2. Institute of Arid Meteorology of CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China
3. Gansu Mike Meteorological Information Technology limited Company, Lanzhou 730020,China
4. Chongqing Meteorological Service, Chongqing 401147, China

Received:2021-08-21 Revised:2021-11-12 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-06-28
Contact: ZENG Dingwen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1979—2020年5—8月欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF）第五代全球大气再分析产品——ERA5逐日数据计算了3个度量陆气耦合强度的指数,分析了亚洲东部和南部区域陆气耦合的气候态特征及其在不同土壤干湿条件下的差异。结果表明,从气候态看,华北-东北、青藏高原、印度、中国云南-东南亚和中纬度干旱带为较强陆气耦合区。在华北-东北、青藏高原、印度、中国云南-东南亚地区,土壤越干,陆气耦合强度越大,这种因土壤湿度不同而导致的耦合强度的显著差异,存在于从土壤湿度到蒸散发,再从蒸散发到边界层水汽和不稳定度的各耦合过程中,产生这种差异的主要原因是上述区域土壤湿度变率较大。而在中纬度干旱带,由于土壤湿度值及其变率均很小,耦合强度随土壤干湿条件变化无明显差异。华南为弱陆气耦合区,只有土壤偏干时,土壤湿度和蒸散发之间才能发生显著耦合,而蒸散发和边界层在所有土壤干湿条件下均不发生显著耦合。

关键词: 陆气耦合, 亚洲东部和南部, ERA5, 土壤干湿条件

Abstract:

Based on European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） fifth-generation global atmospheric reanalysis （ERA5） every day from May to August during 1979-2020, three land-atmosphere indexes to investigate land-atmosphere coupling processes were calculated,characteristics of land-atmosphere coupling in climatology and their difference under different dry and wetsoil conditions were analyzed over eastern and southern Asia. The results show that Northeast and North China,the Tibetan plateau, India, Yunnan Province of China and Southeast Asia,the middle latitude arid zone were strong land-atmosphere coupling zones in climatology. In the middle latitude arid zone, land-atmosphere coupling had no significant difference under different soil conditions due to the low soil moisture and its little variability. In the other strong coupling zones, the coupling strength decreased with increasing soil moisture condition because of the bigger variability of soil moisture in these regions, and this law is applicable to the coupling processes between soil moisture（SM） and evapotranspiration （ET）, between ET and water vapor condition of boundary layer, between ET and instability condition of boundary layer. The land-atmosphere couplings over South China were weak in climatology, coupling between SM and ET was significant only under dry soil conditions, while the coupling between ET and atmospheric boundary layer were not significant under all soil moisture conditions.

Key words: land-atmosphere coupling, eastern and southern Asia, ERA5, dry and wet soil conditions

中图分类号:

P426.2

邸燕君, 曾鼎文, 张文波, 闫晓敏, 安晓东, 陈诚, 韩雯婷, 柳媛普. 亚洲东部和南部土壤干湿状态对陆气耦合的影响分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(3): 345-353.

DI Yanjun, ZENG Dingwen, ZHANG Wenbo, YAN Xiaomin, AN Xiaodong, CHEN Cheng, HAN Wenting, LIU Yuanpu. Influence of dry/wet soil state on land-atmosphere coupling over eastern and southern Asia[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(3): 345-353.

图/表 5

图1 土壤湿度（a）及其标准差（b）的多年平均值空间分布（单位：m3·m-3）

Fig.1 The spatial distribution of annual average of soil moisture （a） and its standard deviation （b）（Unit： m3·m-3）

图2 土壤湿度和蒸散发的相关系数（a）及耦合强度指数CSISM-ET（b,单位：mm·d-1）的多年平均值空间分布 [图2（b）中只给出图2（a）中相关系数为正且通过α=0.05显著性检验的格点的耦合强度的多年平均值]

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of annual average of correlation coefficient （a） and coupling strength index CSISM-ET（b, Unit： mm·d-1） between soil moisture and evapotranspiration （For each grid box, the coupling strength indexes in Fig.2（b） were shown only when the correlation coefficient between SM and ET in Fig.2（a） was positive and passed the test at the significance level of 0.05）

图3 相关系数（a、c）和耦合强度指数（b、d,单位：m）空间分布（a,b）蒸散发和抬升凝结高度,（c,d）蒸散发和抬升凝结高度亏缺 [图3（b）和图3（d）中耦合强度值均为原始值乘以-1.0后的结果,且只分别给出图3（a）和图3（c）中相关系数为负且通过a=0.05显著性检验的格点值]

Fig.3 The spatial distribution of correlation coefficient （a,c）and the coupling strength index （b,d,Unit：m）（a,b） between evapotranspiration and lifting condensation level,（c, d） between evapotranspiration and lifting condensation level deficit （For each grid box, the coupling strength indexes in Fig.3 （b） and Fig.3 （d） were value after multiplying by -1.0, and were shown only when the correlation coefficient between ET and LCL in Fig.3 （a） or between ET and LCL_deficit in Fig.3 （b） were negative and passed the test at the significance level of 0.05 ）

图4 土壤干（a、b、c）、中性（d、e、f）和湿润（g、h、i）条件下CSISM-ET（a、d、g）（单位： mm·d-1）、CSIET-LCL（b、e、h）（单位： m）、CSIET-LCL_deficit（c、f、i）（单位： m）空间分布 [CSISM-ET只给出SM和ET之间相关系数为正且通过a=0.05显著性检验的格点值,CSIET-LCL 和 CSIET-LCL_deficit为乘以-1.0后的结果,且只分别给出ET和LCL之间、ET和LCL_deficit之间相关系数为负且通过a=0.05显著性检验的格点值]

Fig.4 The spatial distribution of CSISM-ET（a,d,g）（ Unit： mm·d-1）, CSIET-LCL （b,e,h）（ Unit： m） and CSIET-LCL_deficit （c,f,i）（Unit： m） under dry （a,b,c）, moderate （d,e,f） and wet （g,h,i） soil conditions （For each grid box, CSISM-ET were shown only when the correlation coefficient between SM and ET were positive and passed test at the significance level of 0.05;CSIET-LCL and CSIET-LCL_deficit were the value after multiplying by -1.0, and were only shown when the correlation coefficient between ET and LCL, between ET and LCL_deficit were negative and passed the test at the significance level of 0.05, respectively）

表1 5个区域不同土壤干湿条件下CSISM-ET、CSIET-LC和CSIET-LCL_deficit 平均值

Tab.1 The regional average of CSISM-ET, CSIET-LCL, CSIET-LCL_deficit under dry, moderate and wet soil conditions over five areas

	CSI_SM-ET/（mm·d^-1）			CSI_ET-LCL/m			CSI_{ET-LCL deficit}/m
	干	中性	湿润	干	中性	湿润	干	中性	湿润
中纬度干旱带（区域Ⅰ）	0.29	0.29	0.29	172.92	167.88	160.20	120.90	115.60	108.53
中国华北-东北（区域Ⅱ）	0.48	0.30	0.25	287.02	149.69	118.25	209.46	99.19	77.74
青藏高原（区域Ⅲ）	0.40	0.38	0.31	207.14	180.43	124.92	107.63	96.81	77.18
印度（区域Ⅳ）	0.48	0.46	0.41	325.15	313.13	269.34	189.05	184.93	163.59
中国云南-东南亚（区域Ⅴ）	0.36	0.30	0.25	210.77	187.71	154.45	123.51	112.77	96.47

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亚洲东部和南部土壤干湿状态对陆气耦合的影响分析

Influence of dry/wet soil state on land-atmosphere coupling over eastern and southern Asia

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