2021年夏季中国气候异常特征及主要气象灾害

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0179

干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 179-186.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0179

2021年夏季中国气候异常特征及主要气象灾害

唐懿¹^,²^,³(), 蔡雯悦²^,³(), 翟建青², 王素萍⁴, 刘远²(), 陈逸骁², 高歌², 王国复²

1.中国地质大学环境学院大气科学系,湖北武汉 430074
2.国家气候中心,北京 100081
3.中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京 100081
4.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2021-11-16 修回日期:2022-02-10 出版日期:2022-04-30 发布日期:2022-05-10
通讯作者: 蔡雯悦,刘远
作者简介:唐懿(1997— ),女,硕士生,主要从事气象灾害诊断分析. E-mail: tangyi129@126.com。
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(STEP);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0105);国家自然科学基金(42071024)

Climatic anomalous features and major meteorological disasters in China in summer of 2021

TANG Yi¹^,²^,³(), CAI Wenyue²^,³(), ZHAI Jianqing², WANG Suping⁴, LIU Yuan²(), CHEN Yixiao², GAO Ge², WANG Guofu²

1. Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2. National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4. Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2021-11-16 Revised:2022-02-10 Online:2022-04-30 Published:2022-05-10
Contact: CAI Wenyue, LIU Yuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1961—2021年中国区域2400余站地面气象观测资料,根据2019年中国气象局发布的《区域性重要过程监测和评价业务规定》,对2021年夏季中国气候基本概况及主要气象灾害进行全面分析。结果表明:(1)2021年夏季,平均气温较常年同期偏高,平均降水量较常年同期偏多;由于北方雨季开始时间偏早、强度偏强,南方雨季开始时间偏晚、强度偏弱,以及台风登陆个数偏少等原因,多雨区主要集中在北方。(2)2021年夏季,中国气候状况总体偏差,气象灾害形势复杂严峻,极端天气气候复合事件多发,以洪涝、高温、干旱灾害为主,且阶段性和区域性特征显著。其中,区域性暴雨过程较常年同期偏少4.9次,但极端性强,华北、黄淮、江汉等地相继遭受严重暴雨洪涝灾害;阶段性区域高温天气多发,区域性高温过程较常年同期偏多3.4次,主要影响黄淮、江南、华南、西北地区东部及内蒙古西部、新疆南部等地;南、北方气象干旱并发,区域性、阶段性、复合性明显,区域性干旱过程较常年同期偏多1.1次,华南、西北地区高温干旱复合发展。

关键词: 气候异常特征, 区域极端天气过程, 主要气象灾害, 2021年夏季

Abstract:

According to “the Regulations on Monitoring and Evaluation of Regional Important Processes” issued by China Meteorological Administration in 2019, the basic situations of China’s climate and main meteorological disasters in summer 2021 are comprehensively analyzed based on the meteorological observation data of more than 2400 ground stations in China from 1961 to 2021. The results are as follows: (1) In the summer of 2021, both the average temperature and the average precipitation were higher than that in the same period of the previous years. The rainy season in the north started earlier with enhanced intensity, while it delayed in the south with weakened intensity. These two factors, together with the decreased number of landing typhoons, contributed to the fact that the summer precipitation zones dominated North China. (2) In the summer of 2021, China’s climate conditions were generally worse than normal, the situation of meteorological disasters was complicated and severe, accompanied with frequent occurrences of extreme weather and climate composite events, including flood, heat wave and drought, and moreover, the disasters exhibited periodic and regional features. The number of regional rainstorm processes was 4.9 times lower than that in previous summers, but the extremeness was much stronger. North China, Huanghuai, Jianghan and other places have suffered from severe rainstorms and floods consecutively. Regional high temperature occurred frequently and periodically. The number of regional high temperature processes was 3.4 times higher than that in previous summers, which mainly impacted Huanghai, Jiangnan, South China, the east of Northwest China, the west of Inner Mongolia and the south of Xinjiang. Meteorological droughts appeared in the south and the north simultaneously, with significant regional, periodic and compounding characteristics. And the number of regional drought processes was 1.1 times higher than that in previous summers. South China and Northwest China witnessed the compound development of high temperature and drought.

Key words: climatic anomalous characteristics, regional extreme weather process, major meteorological disasters, summer of 2021

中图分类号:

P434
P429

唐懿, 蔡雯悦, 翟建青, 王素萍, 刘远, 陈逸骁, 高歌, 王国复. 2021年夏季中国气候异常特征及主要气象灾害[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(2): 179-186.

TANG Yi, CAI Wenyue, ZHAI Jianqing, WANG Suping, LIU Yuan, CHEN Yixiao, GAO Ge, WANG Guofu. Climatic anomalous features and major meteorological disasters in China in summer of 2021[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(2): 179-186.

图/表 9

图1 中国2021年夏季气温距平空间分布(单位:℃)

Fig.1 The spatial distribution of temperature anomaly in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: ℃)

图2 中国2021年夏季降水量距平百分率空间分布(单位:%)

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of precipitation anomaly percentage in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: %)

表1 1949年以来中国陆上滞留时间在70 h及以上的台风

Tab.1 Typhoons with stranded time more than and equal to 70 hours over the mainland of China since 1949

台风编号	台风名	登陆地点	滞留时间/h
2106	烟花	浙江舟山、平湖	95
7503	妮娜	台湾花莲	89
1311	尤特	广东阳西	89
0509	麦莎	浙江玉环、辽宁大连	75
1818	温比亚	上海浦东	74
7504	欧拉	浙江温岭	71
0808	凤凰	台湾花莲、福建福清	70

图3 中国2021年夏季区域暴雨过程累计频次距平分布(单位:次)

Fig.3 The distribution of accumulative frequency anomaly of regional rainstorm processes in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: times)

图4 中国2021年夏季3次区域暴雨过程累计雨量分布(单位:mm) (a)6月27日至7月7日,(b)7月15—22日,(c)7月24—30日

Fig.4 Distribution of accumulative precipitation of three regional rainstorm processes in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: mm) (a) from 27 June to 7 July, (b) from 15 to 22 July, (c) from 24 to 30 July

图5 1961—2021年中国夏季区域高温过程累计频次年际变化(a)和2021年夏季区域高温过程累计频次距平分布(b,单位:次)

Fig.5 The inter-annual variation of accumulative frequency of summer regional high temperature processes during 1961-2021 (a) and distribution of accumulative frequency anomaly of regional high temperature processes in summer of 2021 (b, Unit: times) in China

图6 中国2021年夏季2次区域高温过程高温日数分布(单位:d) (a)7月3—18日,(b)7月20日至8月9日

Fig.6 Distribution of high temperature days of two regional high temperature processes in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: d) (a) from 3 to 18 July, (b) from 20 July to 9 August

图7 中国2021年夏季区域干旱过程累计频次距平分布(单位:次)

Fig.7 Distribution of accumulative frequency anomaly of regional drought processes in summer of 2021 in China (Unit: times)

图8 中国不同区域2021年夏季区域干旱过程气象干旱面积逐日演变 (a)西南地区,(b)华南地区,(c)西北地区

Fig.8 The daily variations of meteorological drought area of regional drought processes in summer of 2021 in different regions of China (a) southwestern China, (b) South China, (c) northwestern China

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2021年夏季中国气候异常特征及主要气象灾害

Climatic anomalous features and major meteorological disasters in China in summer of 2021

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